In that war and during the six days, Israel occupied the Arab territories surpassed her dreams, and so the term setback, which was launched on the defeat of the Arabs is not enough to express the enormity of what happened and the legacy of the effects of the same every Egyptian, Arab, led immediately to the reorganization plans Arab military and culminated in the battle of dignity and a war of attrition and finally a brilliant victory on the sixth of October 1973. It is true that not after the liberation of the rest of the Arab territories occupied in 1967, but the anniversary of the 44 setback came this year in light of substantial changes in the area that would confuse the accounts of Israel completely private and that it exceeded invitations of rehabilitation that have emerged after the defeat of June 5 to popular revolutions seek to democracy, dignity, justice, and completely get rid of all forms of despotism and colonialism.
Perhaps what happened directly in the period after the setback strongly supports the view of optimism about the success of these revolutions in achieving what they wanted at the end of the day, which succeeded the Arab peoples in 1967 to absorb the shock quickly refuted the allegations of Israel on it turned into a corpse after the defeat and soon managed to Jordan restitution in the battle of dignity and Egypt in the war of attrition and after the October war.
Is well known that, after nearly a year, specifically in the March 21, 1968, the Battle of the dignity that repel, during which the Jordanian army and Palestinian militants Israeli aggression are new to the eastern bank of the Jordan River and registered, then what was considered the first Arab victory against the Israeli army, has also succeeded the Egyptian forces to inflict heavy losses occupying over battle of the top nest and destroy the destroyer Eilat, which was the beginnings of a war of attrition.
Battle of Karama
For the Battle of Karama, the Israeli occupation of the West Bank of the Jordan River in 1967 and which were subject then to rule the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan met with reactions represented in the military encounters frequent and small units from both sides along the Jordan River, in addition to increasing attacks by Palestinian guerrillas who were stationed in the West East of the River Jordan.
In early 1968 issued several official statements about Israel declares that if the activities of Palestinian militants across the river, they will decide an appropriate counter-action, and from 15 to 18 March 1968 increased exploration Israeli air sorties over the River Jordan and infiltrated an Israeli patrol across the river toward the West East.
On March 21, 1968, began the battle of the dignity that he named after that the fighting between the guerrillas and the Jordanian army on the one hand and Israeli forces attacking the other hand, was in the area of geographical position Karama Ptlalha overlooking the River Jordan, where the number of guerrillas in the region around 300 fighters, a Palestinian, was next to them a number of sites of the Jordanian army and heavy artillery, which played a major role in Israel inflict heavy losses.
Although Israel claimed that the offensive launched on the eastern bank of the River Jordan in the Karama area was under the pretext of destroying the power of the guerrillas, but they were planning to occupy the heights of Balqa, approaching from the capital Amman to put pressure on the Jordanian leadership to accept the terms of surrender imposed by, and try to find a even a foothold on the land east of the Jordan River with a view to bargain to achieve their goals and expand its borders, and ensure the security and calm on the cease-fire line with Jordan, and strikes a powerful and influential to the Jordanian army, and finally, undermining morale and steadfastness when the civilian population and force them to flee from their land to form the new burdens, Resistance and denial of the existence of bases among the population and thus maintain the morale of the Israeli army after the gains made by the Arab fronts in the war of June 5.
Thwarted the designs of Israel
Israel failed to achieve any of the above objectives, where he played artillery Jordanian snipers shields a significant role in the battle of dignity and along the front, especially in the control of the bridges crossing the Israeli army prevented from paying any new troops to prop up its offensive, which started in view of the inability to control the bridges during the hours the battle has led to the loss of Israeli forces attacking the element of surprise and contributed significantly in alleviating the momentum of the attack and isolate the attacking forces east of the river and are easy to deal with it, absorb and destroy them.
And confirms Israel's defeat in that battle that the Israeli forces which succeeded in crossing the King Hussein Bridge to the East Bank of the Jordan River was the size of task which forces crossed in the first hour of the attack and then you can not attacking forces of pushing any new troops east of the river in spite of trying to snatch to build on the bridges that were destroyed.
He gained the Jordanian army, according to military analysts surprise firing heavily at the start of the attack from Israeli forces, even if the delay in order to provided the attacking forces to reach their goals.
Jordanian military victory
Perhaps a look at the losses on both sides would show more and more the size of the defeat painful received by Israel, where the number of casualties among the troops attacking 250 soldiers, 450 wounded, in addition to the destruction of 88 a mechanism which is 27 tanks and 18 tankers and 24 car armed and 19 freight cars, but for the loss of the Jordanian armed forces, was the number of people killed 61 soldiers and 108 wounded, the destruction of 39 a different mechanism.
Faced with such limited losses in the ranks of the Jordanian forces, recorded the battle of dignity characters of light in the achievements of Arab military but was considered the first military victory Arabic on Israel since the catastrophe of 1948, and the consequent also retrieved Jordan to territories occupied in 1967, also lifted the morale of fronts and other Arab, and confirmed, including the beyond a doubt that the will and determination are part and parcel of the victory over the enemies.
The author argues Ziad Abu Shawish that feature the President in that battle was the Palestinian partnership Jordanian sincere and genuine in the face of the enemy and one of the parties, saying: "This is a feature of this phenomenon is established at the time, the importance of working Guerilla support order at the same time and showed how useful and necessary for the triumph of assembly all our strength, both of commandos or a regular army Bmedfeith, tanks and heavy weapons and fighting classic with groups of guerrillas scattered in small groups and use the tactics of defense and mobile sites is fixed, this appearance that was brighter still in the title of solidarity and cooperation between the resistance and the army has not been repeated in the same way so far despite its importance and effectiveness in the face of superior enemy. "
And went on to say: "It is imagined battle converge where Israeli forces have been landed in the region and the Palestinian militants holed up in the mountains and trenches provided by the nature of the area with the artillery Jordanian shelling continued on the forces advancing from the west, as well as on sites positioned west of the river Kqguat support, he can understand why The role of the Jordanian army is necessary and indispensable as the role of resistance by acting directly to aggression and inflicted heavy enemy forces, and refuted the Zionist propaganda in the period around the legend that do not cause the loss, which succeeded in the occupation of the territories of three Arab countries in less than 6 days. "
It was a battle of dignity a victory double, in the face I was a victory for the solidarity and cooperation between the army and the resistance, a lesson which is still the Arabs in an urgent need to uphold and benefit from it in any battles to come with the Israeli enemy, and in the face, the other was the end of the myth that the impossibility of defeating the enemy with his army, which does not Invincible claimed by their leaders, and thus opened the way for the dignity of a battle of the ring road to go to battle after that, and more importantly meant here the glorious October War.
War of Attrition
War ended June 5 or Six-Day War, as it called Israel by the end tragically revealed many of the shortcomings of the Egyptian armed forces in general and the forces that assume the functions of air defense in particular, and therefore put the political leadership of a number of objectives to overcome the setback is in: rebuilding the armed forces , to restore confidence in the soldiers themselves and their leaders, re-discipline, re-training of troops, and the organization of units, and here began the stage of resistance and war of attrition.
Phase resistance
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| Some heroes of the process of Eilat |
On July 2, 67, Israel tried to seize Port Fouad, but members of the Egyptian forces confronted them, light weapons and armored vehicles destroyed the developed and the enemy was forced to withdraw his troops and called this fight the battle of Ras al-Ain.
On July 14 and 15 67, the Egyptian forces fired artillery violent along the front, after clashes with the enemy in the south in the direction of Suez and Al Fardan was a prelude to missions flying strong, where they exited the Air Force the whole, a hit in the south, turned the enemy with his forces to the south and leave the North without Hence, the Egyptian air cover to the north, inflicting heavy losses in the ranks of the Israeli forces.
The Israeli leadership is following the air strike was the right Egyptian cease-fire request from the United States, which mandated the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform President Gamal Abdel Nasser over the phone, this request was the commander of the Israeli and Egyptian aviation at this time is the team Madkour Abul-Ezz.
On October 21, 67, the Egyptian Navy to destroy the destructive Israeli Eilat, and tells Major General Mohamed Abdel Ghany Al-chief of operations in October war in his memoir the details of what happened on this day, saying: "The day of October 21, 1967 has reached the command center of the front after the break field, I found Major General Ahmed Ismail, together with Brigadier-General Hasan Jeridly head of operations for the front, and I was then chief of staff to the front, they continue to movements of the devastating Israeli Eilat near the territorial waters of Egypt in the area north of Port Said. The information we're getting first hand from the leadership of Port Marine, which was following the devastating moves, The prepared Al-Qaeda forces to attack the destroyer when orders are issued from the leadership of the Navy implementation. and has been devastating hostile intervention of the territorial waters of the period and then away to sea, and repeated several times in a provocative way and in the harassment and clear, to show the inability of our Navy to address it. "
And went on to say: "Once the orders have been issued the commander of naval forces to destroy this destructive when they enter the territorial waters, out of Wenshan Sarokhian from the base of Port Said to perform the task. Attacked the boat first fired a missile hit a devastating direct hit I took inclined on its side, and after the launch of the second missile was dumping the devastating Israeli "Eilat" north-east of Port Said after the fifth on the evening of October 21, 1967 and the crew,
The destroyer sank within Egyptian territorial waters about nautical miles, and returned to the base Allnchan to inflame the feelings of all the forces of the front channel and all the armed forces of this work, which was quickly and efficiently and has achieved the remarkable result. "
And went on to say: "Once the orders have been issued the commander of naval forces to destroy this destructive when they enter the territorial waters, out of Wenshan Sarokhian from the base of Port Said to perform the task. Attacked the boat first fired a missile hit a devastating direct hit I took inclined on its side, and after the launch of the second missile was dumping the devastating Israeli "Eilat" north-east of Port Said after the fifth on the evening of October 21, 1967 and the crew,
The destroyer sank within Egyptian territorial waters about nautical miles, and returned to the base Allnchan to inflame the feelings of all the forces of the front channel and all the armed forces of this work, which was quickly and efficiently and has achieved the remarkable result. "
It was dumping the devastating Eilat by cruise missiles that were used for the first time, according to Gamassi the beginning of a new phase of development of weapons of marine and combat marine in the world and is becoming a well-deserved is the day of the Egyptian Navy, stressing that this strike was the talk of the whole world at this time.
The above form phase resistance, and then launched a war of attrition, a term launched by the late Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, the military operations that took place between Egyptian forces and the Israeli occupation east of the Suez Canal, which quoted Egypt during the battle to the enemy after it had succeeded, at the stage of resistance and prevent the enemy the occupation of new land and the main objective of that war was to remove the largest possible number of deaths and injuries and mechanisms in the ranks of the enemy and training Egyptian soldiers to combat operations in the east of the canal in preparation for a moment of transit.
He explained Gamal Abdel Nasser's philosophy in this war in an interview with writer, journalist Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, saying: "that can kill the enemy that 50 thousand of us, we can continue because we have to reserve enough, but that the enemy loses 10 thousand, he will find himself obliged to stop fighting is the Reserve does not have adequate human. "
And started the war in March 1969 and ended with the consent of Abdel-Nasser on the initiative of U.S. Secretary of State Rogers, then a cease-fire in the eighth of August 1970.
He revealed the book "Secrets of a new war of attrition" which was released by the Egyptian Book in 2005, and was adopted in its contents on the certificate of two characters were both very close to the secrets of the war of attrition and its operations, namely: Abdo directly head the military section of a former Al-Ahram, and Dean of the former navy Islam Tawfik, Major General Mohammad Sadik, the military intelligence at this time persuaded President Nasser that the image of the commander and the officer and the Israeli soldier in the imagination of the Egyptian forces in the light of the result in June 1967 is the image of the fighter super (the fighter, who can not be defeated), even if it is to leave this image to take root to become impossible for the Egyptian forces to face the Israeli occupation army in any future military conflict.
According to Major General Mohammed Sadiq also, it is whether Egypt will play the future battle to liberate their lands and restore the pride, the first step is to destroy the image combatant Israeli super before they take hold in the minds of combatants Egyptians, and to achieve this goal it is necessary to begin guerrilla operations against the Israeli occupation forces in east of the Suez Canal, adding that the fall of dead and wounded and prisoners in the ranks of the enemy will lead to depletion and the removal of these corona acquired in June 1967.
Indeed, on the basis of that vision military, launched a war of attrition in March 1969 and included multiple attacks against the occupation in Sinai and even in areas outside the conflict zone just like the bombing of an Israeli rig in the Atlantic Ocean.
The most important achievements of that war, the process of Eilat during which the attack on the port of Umm Rashrash-Masri, who called Israel Eilat after the occupation, where the harbor was mined and killed a number of military and dumping an Israeli warship, and that by frogmen Egyptians in cooperation with Jordanian forces and Iraqi Liberation Organization Palestinian.
The line of heroes "group 39 fight," which was led by Brigadier General Ibrahim al-Rifai, who was killed later in October war of their names in the history books given to the dangerous duty assigned to them have been successfully implemented during the war, and that was the group of the finest fighters of the bolt frogmen and stun marine and Omaguet Israeli occupation army woe and horror and caused his soldiers to the case of hysteria permanently until they were trying to reach by any means, to information about that group and its methods of work, but they have identified the names of three of the men in the group to reach them alive or dead, they martyr Ibrahim Rifai, second in command of the group, Dr. Ali Nasr, and combatant feat Ali Abu Hassan, who participated in 44 process behind enemy lines in the War of Attrition and the Yom Kippur War.
October 6 victory
And confirms the military experts that the war of attrition that paved the way for victory on October 6, In a report published by the newspaper "Arab Nazareth" in the October 5, 2003, said Maj. Gen. Salah Manaawi head of operations the Egyptian Air Force during the Yom Kippur War: "The war of attrition was the school that prepared the armed forces Egyptian glorious October War has revealed to us the war of attrition every enemy groupings and the way he approached in the attack and the form Combat, which exists to him as revealed to us is also the number of enemy planes used in the air and the other parachute, which helped us to prepare a plan of October and the success of the armed forces to take in the destruction of enemy planes are on the ground ".
In the same vein, Maj. Gen. Ahmed Hegazy a Champions October victory that history will not forget the victories, the Egyptian during the war of attrition because it changed the view of war, especially in the Navy, after the success of the Egyptian Navy in the destruction of the port of Eilat, replaced by the armies of the whole world destroyers and large pieces by boat and launches Light, saying: "War of Attrition was a victory for Egypt and America, so quick to save Israel through the Rogers initiative for a cease-fire."
In light of the foregoing, we can say that the war of attrition completely refuted the Israeli claims about the Egyptian army turned into a corpse after a setback in 1967.
In general, even though the results of popular revolts present in a number of Arab countries were still unknown to some, but the consensus of many that the future is put countless obstacles in front of Israel to repeat what it did in 1967, especially since the word has become of the people, not rulers.
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